Nail problems

Nail problems are not usually caused by anything serious. Common nail problems include brittle, loose nails that may change colour or shape.

It's normal for nails to:

  • become thicker or break more easily (brittle) as you get older
  • become harder, softer or more brittle during pregnancy (they should be healthier within 6 months of having a baby)
  • change colour, become loose and eventually fall off after an injury

Fingernails that fall off after an injury should grow back within 6 months. Toenails can take up to 18 months.

There are some things you can do to help with common nail problems.

Do

  • wear rubber gloves if your hands are often in water or you regularly use cleaning products

  • clean your nails with a soft nailbrush

  • apply hand cream to your nails and fingertips regularly

  • trim your nails regularly (it may help to cut them after a shower or bath)

  • cut injured, loose nails back to where they are still attached, so they do not bend or catch on objects

Don't

  • do not cut your nails down the edges, and only trim straight across the top to help avoid an ingrown toenail

  • do not clean under your nails with sharp objects

  • do not wear shoes that pinch your toes, especially when exercising

  • do not bite or pick your nails or the skin around them

  • do not ignore fungal infections on your skin, such as athlete's foot

See a GP if:

  • a nail has changed shape, changed colour or fallen off and you do not know why
  • the skin around your nails has become sore, red, swollen and warm (paronychia), which can be a sign of an infection or ingrown toenail

See a podiatrist if:

  • your nails are too tough to cut or you cannot reach them

Some GPs may be able to refer you to a footcare specialist (podiatrist). You can also pay to see a podiatrist privately.

Find a podiatrist

Most nail problems are caused by:

  • injuries or biting your nails
  • staining your nails, for example, by smoking or applying a lot of nail varnish
  • not regularly trimming your nails, or cutting them at an angle
  • your hands often being in water or cleaning products
  • a fungal nail infection

Nail problems can sometimes be a symptom of a more serious or long-term condition, such as:

Some medicines can also cause nail problems. Check the side effects of any medicine you're taking.

Self-refer to a podiatrist

If you have nail problems, you might be able to refer yourself directly to a podiatrist without seeing a GP.

To find out if there are any services in your area:

  • ask the reception staff at your GP surgery
  • check your GP surgery's website
  • contact your integrated care board (ICB) – find your local ICB
  • search online for NHS podiatrists near you